The health care of an older adult extends beyond the. Barry reisberg, provides caregivers an overview of the stages of cognitive function for those suffering from a primary degenerative dementia such as alzheimers disease. The scale is a 30item, selfreport instrument that uses a yesno format. The geriatric depression scale gds is suitable for older patients. They are written by uk doctors and based on research evidence, uk and. Geriatric depression scale long form cme outfitters. Cornell scale for depression in dementia the scale is designed as a screening tool and is not diagnostic 2 steps. The gds long form is a brief, 30item questionnaire in which. The geriatric depression scale gds is a selfreport measure of depression in older adults. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric depression scale30. Geriatric depression scale gds short form choose the best answer for how you have felt over the past week.
The cornell scale for depression in dementia csdd is suitable for patients with dementia. Geriatric depression scale an overview sciencedirect topics. Depression assessments such as the 4item geriatric depression scale are easy and quick to. The geriatric depression scale was felt to be too depressing for routine use and a barrier to rapport with the patient. Sheikh md department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, stanford. Results of the geriatric depression scale explained the. Greenberg, phd, rn, gnpbc, hartford institute for geriatric nursing, new york university rory meyers college of nursing why. Jun 15, 2018 family physicians should be proficient in geriatric assessment because, as society ages, older adults will constitute an increasing proportion of patients. Diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric depression scale30, geriatric. It has been designed for the assessment of depressive symptomatology in elderly people and excludes any questions relating to the physical symptoms of depression common in old age. Depression is common in late life, affecting nearly 5 million of the 31 million americans aged 65 and older with clinically significant depressive symptoms reaching % in older adults aged 80 and older blazer, 2009. Each item is scored 0 to 1 for a total score range of 0 to 30. Do you prefer to stay at home rather than going out and doing new things.
A clinical case series of 117 consecutive chinese patients found that geriatric depression scale score was the second most important. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale. Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly. Jerome a yesavage geriatric depression scale psychopharmacology bulletin 1988 24. This is ideal for evaluating the clinical severity of. What is the geriatric depression scale and why is it. While there are many instruments available to measure depression, the geriatric depression scale gds, first created by yesavage, et al. Cornell scale fro depression in dementia cgatoolkit. Geriatric depression scale short form with 4 questions author. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale and the geriatric depression scale in parkinsons disease. The global deterioration scale gds, developed by dr.
Geriatric depression scale short form with 4 questions. When psychotherapies are compared, the strongest evidence for effectiveness has been found for cognitive behavioral therapy, problemsolving therapy, and interpersonal. Selfreport screening tool to identify depression in older adults originally developed as 30item measure geriatric depression scale long form. Depression in older people in the general hospital. The geriatric depression scale is a useful tool for assessing the mental health of older people. The gds was originally developed as a 30item instrument. The geriatric depression scale and the cornell scale for depression in dementia can assist in diagnosis, while both psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy are options for management. Geriatric depression scale test short form keywords.
Geriatric depression scale about dementia pathways. The 4 item geriatric depression scale is suitable as a screening test for depressive symptoms in the elderly. Geriatric depression scale 9 was the most validated instru ment identified. Total score greater than five indicates probably depression. Left untreated, depression may progress and have dramatic effects on overall health.
This is ideal for evaluating the clinical severity of depression, and therefore for monitoring treatment. Geriatric depression scale long form patients name. Geriatric depression in primary care pubmed central pmc. Each of the 30 questions has a yesno answer, with the scoring dependent on the answer given. The original geriatric depression scale gds was a 30item questionnaire timeconsuming and challenging for some patients and staff. However, its much more important than getting the simple results of a test. The geriatric depression scale can help determine if an aging person has problems with depression. The original geriatric depression scale gds was a 30item questionnaire. Yesavage and colleagues in 1982 that is used to identify symptoms of depression in older adults. Research has looked at the utility of adding of a help question to screening. Have you dropped many of your activities and interests. In the geriatric depression scale, questions are answered yes or no.
Individuals with pd and compromised nutritional status are more likely to be affected by mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression fereshtehnejad et al. Depression is common in late life, affecting nearly 5 million of the 31 million americans aged 65 and older. Family physicians should be proficient in geriatric assessment because, as society ages, older adults will constitute an increasing proportion of patients. A fivecategory response set is not utilized in order to ensure that the scale is simple enough to be used when testing ill or moderately cognitively impaired individuals, for whom a more complex set of answers may be confusing, or lead to inaccurate recording of responses. The gds short form 15 questions has been derived from the 30 question version. Pdf diagnostic accuracy of the geriatric depression scale30.
Geriatric depression scale test short form available at. Knowing the risk factors for depression in this population and using the geriatric depression scale can be useful tools to screen for depression among these patients3,9. The global deterioration scale for assessment of primary. Center for epidemiological studies depression scale cesd center for epidemiological studies depression scale cesd study identification tool comparator population results consultation blank2004 quality assessed. To identify this condition, geriatric depression scale has been used in different. The 15 question short version of the gds is useful in. Geriatric depression scale short form 1 tools may be copied without permission instructions. The scoring scale is at the end of the questionnaire.
The gds is a screening device and should not be used as a diagnostic tool. Depression is underrecognized in older adults, especially those with chronic conditions such as heart disease and arthritis. Depressive disorders are common in older people with prevalence in the community of around 12%. The geriatric depression scale the geriatric depression scale gds was designed specifically to screen for depression in geriatric populations. Short form is a 15question screening tool for depression in older adults that takes five to. The clinician interviews the residents caregiver on each of the 19 items of the scale. Where a score of more than five is indicated, a more thorough clinical investigation should be undertaken. It has been designed for the assessment of depressive symptomatology in elderly people and excludes any questions relating to the. In community settings, about 5 % of adults aged 65 and older meet research diagnostic criteria for major depression, 6, 7 with rates of subsyndromal depression estimated at 8% 16%. The geriatric depression scale gds is a screening test originally developed by j. The purpose of the gds is to obtain the patients own perception of their depression. May 08, 2020 the geriatric depression scale gds, although developed for older adults, has also been validated in younger adults.
The geriatric depression scale see appendix a was developed specifically for use with older adults and contains 30 items. Abstract full text pdf the geriatric depression scale gds is a selfreport scale designed to be simple to administer and not to require the skills of a trained interviewer yesavage et al, 1983. Since this version proved both timeconsuming and difficult for some patients to complete, a 15item version was developed. Choose the best answer for how you felt over the past week. Therefore, it taps the affective and behavioral symptoms of depression and excludes most symptoms that may be confused with somatic disease e. Existing metaanalyses on the diagnostic accuracy of the gds have not been able to conduct subgroup analyses, have included patients already identified as depressed who would not be screened in practice and have not. Lenore kurlowicz, phd, rn, cs, faan, university of pennsylvania school of nursing and sherry a. Comprehensive geriatric assessment cga is defined as a multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment process that identifies medical, psychosocial, and functional limitations of a frail older person in order to develop a coordinated plan to maximize overall health with aging 1,2. Apr 12, 20 diagnostic validity and added value of the geriatric depression scale for depression in primary care. Geriatric depression is a significant problem in both the developed and the developing world. Depression is even more common in older physically ill patients in general hospitals with estimates of 558% and a mean prevalence of 29%. Geriatric depression scale an overview sciencedirect. The geriatric depression scale gds, although developed for older adults, has also been validated in younger adults. Geriatric depression scale gds information page the geriatric depression scale gds was developed as a basic screening measure for depression in older adults.
Depression is more common in those with multiple chronic conditions. Yesavage and others newer shortened form is 15item measure geriatric depression scale short form. Block, md, is an awardwinning, boardcertified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in pennsylvania. It targets a population with many risk factors for depression, and depression affects them differently than it does younger people. Pdf introduction the 30item geriatric depression scale gds30 and the shorter. Do you think that most people are better off than you are.
It concluded that the gds is similar to the centre for epidemiological studies depression scale and better than the yale1question screen. Geriatric depression scale short form patients name. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds a selfrating scale is for puerperal depression. Where a score of more than five is indicated, a more. Circle the answer that best describes how you felt over the past week. Nov, 2019 the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds a selfrating scale is for puerperal depression. Greenberg, msn, aprn, bc, gnp, hartford institute for geriatric nursing, nyu college of nursing why.
Introduction the 30item geriatric depression scale gds30 and the shorter gds15, gds5 and gds4 are recommended as depression screening tools for elderly individuals. The caregiver is instructed to base his her report on observations of the residents behaviour during the week prior to the interview 2. The criterion validity of the geriatric depression scale. Later versions retain only the most discriminating questions.
The calculator will be similar to other successful tools, such as the frax fracture risk assessment tool. The geriatric depression scale gds is a brief, convenient, and effective 30item selfreport screening measure for depression among older adults. Screening for depression in primary care doctor patient. Epidemiology of latelife depression in primary care. Doctors and nurses observations on the geriatric depression. Diagnostic validity and added value of the geriatric depression scale for depression in primary care. The geriatric depression scale gds was designed specifically to screen for depression in geriatric populations. Loneliness, which can be measured using the ucla loneliness scale, is not equal to depression but is related to it. Center for epidemiological studiesdepression scale cesd center for epidemiological studiesdepression scale cesd study identification tool comparator population results consultation blank2004 quality assessed.
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